Minggu, 31 Agustus 2014

Free Ebook , by W. C. Stone William Stone PhD

Free Ebook , by W. C. Stone William Stone PhD

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, by W. C. Stone William Stone PhD

Product details

File Size: 1648 KB

Print Length: 345 pages

Publisher: Grand Central Publishing (May 14, 2010)

Publication Date: May 30, 2010

Sold by: Hachette Book Group

Language: English

ASIN: B00351DSQY

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Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#405,301 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)

As a teen and young adult, I devoured books about Himalayan expeditions by Bennington, Roskelly, Wickwire and the like. They spurred me on to mountain adventures of my own. Today, mountains are summitted by ultra fast, lean groups, or by bloated pay-to-play guided tours.This book took me back to those thrilling days of mountain expeditions, with the logistical, technological, and interpersonal challenges that all must be overcome to find success. Fascinating, I speed read through it in about four sittings.

This book was so very well written. This is the 3rd book I have read about caves and people who dive them. I haved learned a great deal and it is facinating. Some things they do, when exploring these caves, I could never do. I give them all so much credit for their bravery. I highly recommend this book!

As a wanna be cave diver, I found this book to be amazing. The personality if those who explore the unknown is fascinating. I couldn't put this book down, even though I knew who would live and die.This is a great book written by two of the cavers involved in the expedition. Those two are well-known for their expertise and discoveries. There are many other well known divers and cavers included in this book. I think anybody who enjoys adventure sports would find this to be a great book.I couldn't put it down and wished that it wouldn't end!

Interesting and a little hair raising. To explore in conditions like these, you must possess some crazy. But fascinating none the less. well worth reading.

an obscure "sport" and now i want to find out so much more about the people who have the need to explore our world. danger, and a great love of the earth is obvious in this story. so much courage, so much danger, so much discovery. an excellent read.

Very slow and boring. Very hard to hold interest.

An excellent read. It really helped me understand what it is like to explore caves and map new underwater passages. Very cool book.

I was looking for a good book about real life adventure, and this surely paid off. Hope to read more like this.

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Jumat, 15 Agustus 2014

Download , by Jonathan Maberry

Download , by Jonathan Maberry

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, by Jonathan Maberry

, by Jonathan Maberry


, by Jonathan Maberry


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, by Jonathan Maberry

Product details

File Size: 10210 KB

Print Length: 481 pages

Publisher: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers; Reprint edition (September 11, 2012)

Publication Date: September 11, 2012

Language: English

ASIN: B006VJXC9U

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Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#168,043 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)

I'm a big fan of the previous two books in this quartet. The first, Rot and Ruin, was probably my favorite read of the year. The second, was almost as strong, and ended with heartbreak that I had to deal with for a few weeks before picking up the third. This installment is my least favorite of the three for a few reasons, but definitely worth reading, and thoughtful in its own way.Flesh and Bone is the third out of four books by Jonathan Maberry about the zombie apocalypse that has fallen on the world. Benny, Chong, the Lost Girl, and Nix are struggling to survive in the Rot and Ruin after still reeling from deaths of loved ones. They encounter more evil than they thought possible-- a group of Reapers whose sole purpose is to have everyone join the Gray Walkers that abound the earth. New characters are introduced (including a terrifying Big Bad), and the mystery of the plane is solved.What I Loved: The development of Chong was probably my favorite part of the book. He's come so far and his relationship with the Lost Girl is very sweet. This makes the ending that much more poignant. Also, we get the introduction of a new cult, which is terrifying in its sway in this awful world. I can imagine people giving up and joining a cult to end the human race. We see this kind of depression in medicine all the time-- and I can't imagine if the world was actually as bad as people saw it, what that would do to the human psyche. Maberry is terrific at coming up with new ethical dilemmas, and he is very thoughtful in his dealings with them.What I wasn't as thrilled about: I know my reaction to this book is a little bit like my reaction to Harry Potter book 5. It was a must read, but because of how annoying adolescent Harry was, it was my least favorite. I had the same reaction to Nix-- so many times in the book, I just wanted to shake her. She exhibited all the worst characteristics of female communication (i.e. men need to just know what we are thinking), and was a complete brat to Benny for most of the book. Also, the first half of the book was more of the characters just wandering around in the Rot and Ruin, and seemed like just filler for the last 25%, which was non-stop action and intrigue to the end.That said, there is no doubt that I'm following this to the end and cannot wait to pick up the fourth and final installment of this series, which is probably the best set of books I've read this year.

Read/Listened for Fun (Hardcover/Audible)Overall Rating: 4.25Story Rating: 4.50Character Rating: 4.00Audio Rating: 4.00 (not part of the overall rating)First Thought when Finished: Dang that epilogue--Flesh and Bone by Jonathan Maberry made me cry---AGAIN!Overall Thoughts:Jonathan Maberry is one of those writers that I adore. He writes stories that make you scream, laugh, and cry. Even though this is a YA series, the teenagers seem to have a better world view than the adults. There is a little angst but overall this is a world where you have people to root for. I would never survive the Zombie Apocalypse.Audio Thoughts: Narrated By Brian Hutchinson / Length: 10 hrs and 46 minsI really enjoy Brian's narration of this series. He is great at hitting all the different emotions and character moments.Part of my Read It, Rate It, File It, DONE!

Even though the Rot & Ruin books are for young adults, I love them and I am past 60! I can't seem to get enough of them and can't wait until the next and last of the series comes out.Mr. Maberry deals with grief, loss and feelings in such a subtle way that you don't even realize what the subject matter is of this book until the end. A friend asked me what the book was about and I stopped and thought, it's about loss, grief and hope and about not giving up no matter how bleak life may seem. What Benny, Nix, Chong and Lilah have done in the past and the present has greatly affected their relationships to each other. These young teens are the hope of the future but at what cost? There are hundreds of thousands of zoms (zombies) and there are so few of them to fight them. And to add to their dilemna, they have to deal with adults and their way of dealing with the way the new world is.Ahhhh, but I don't want to give too much away, so you have to read the book whether you be a young adult or an adult, like myself. If you have not read Rot & Ruin (book #1) or Dust & Decay (book #2), read them first. The whole series so far is excellent and you will not be disappointed!

A year ago while wandering around a local bookstore with my 12 year old son for what felt like an hour, I finally gave him the "you've got 5 minutes and we're leaving" warning. He hadn't found one book that he was excited on spending his $20 giftcard. I went to the young adults section, and this series caught my eye. I read the description, showed it to my son and "sold" it to him, saying that it looked really cool. Honestly, I was just trying to get the hell out of the store. He purchased "Rot & Ruin" and "Dust & Decay" that day.He finished the 1st book in less than a week, raved about it, and moved onto the 2nd book, which was also finished in week. Because I gravitate to sci-fi and monster books, I figured I'd give it a try, but seriously doubted that I'd enjoy something picked up in the young adults section. I LOVED these books. And I bought "Flesh & Bone" the day it came out. It is so rare to find a book that is captivating and causes me serious heart palpitation that is appropriate for my 7th grader to read. I wish there were more books like this... great unpredictable plot, amazing descriptions, minus the sex and language. Thanks Jonathan Maberry, for writing a book that I can enjoy with my kid. Can't wait for the next one!

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Minggu, 20 Juli 2014

Ebook Free Floater's Guide to Colorado (Falcon Guides Canoeing), by Doug Wheat

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Floater's Guide to Colorado (Falcon Guides Canoeing), by Doug Wheat

Floater's Guide to Colorado (Falcon Guides Canoeing), by Doug Wheat


Floater's Guide to Colorado (Falcon Guides Canoeing), by Doug Wheat


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Floater's Guide to Colorado (Falcon Guides Canoeing), by Doug Wheat

From the Back Cover

One of the first-ever Falcon Publishing title returns to print! Longtime guide Doug Wheat's descriptions of the state's rivers are filled with knowledge, humor and love. (296 pages, 6 x 9, photos and illustrations)

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Product details

Series: Falcon Guides Canoeing

Paperback: 296 pages

Publisher: Falcon; 1st edition (January 1, 1984)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1560443715

ISBN-13: 978-1560443711

Product Dimensions:

6 x 0.8 x 9.2 inches

Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds

Average Customer Review:

4.3 out of 5 stars

8 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#450,748 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

It's old but there is still some useful info in there.

This is an old book (1983) but there has been nothing like it published since then. Some info may be outdated so beware but I can recommend it. It was available used for just under four bucks and 3.99 shipping and I consider it well worth the cost.

Good book.

Quick shipping. Accurate listing and rating.

Exactly what I was looking for. Maps, stories and difficulty levels.

soooo many rivers, sooo little time

This "Floater's Guide" has very useful and detailed information that is still not available in ANY other source about Colorado Rivers. That it is still in print after 30+ years speaks for itself. If you truly love white water in Colorado it will add a whole new dimension to your enjoyment of the rivers.

Smack my hands for not noting that the publication date on this book is 1983! 20 years can make a huge impact on the put in and take out points of a river, and even on the river itself. Drat. It has some handy maps, and the descriptions are nice, but I wish there were a better, current resource out there.

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Minggu, 08 Juni 2014

PDF Ebook Dave Barry Slept Here: A Sort of History of the United States, by Dave Barry

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Dave Barry Slept Here: A Sort of History of the United States, by Dave Barry

Dave Barry Slept Here: A Sort of History of the United States, by Dave Barry


Dave Barry Slept Here: A Sort of History of the United States, by Dave Barry


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Dave Barry Slept Here: A Sort of History of the United States, by Dave Barry

Review

“A dazzling performance . . . Barry is brilliant.”—The Washington Post Book World“[Dave] Barry turns his formidable wit to the subject of American history, with a result reminiscent of the Reduced Shakespeare Company: The better you know the original, the funnier it gets.”—Los Angeles Times“I fear that Mr. Barry's dream of making millions of dollars through mass sales of his book to a captive audience of innocent schoolchildren will not be realized, and he will have to be content with making readers laugh a lot, as this one did.”—The New York Times Book Review

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From the Publisher

Although Dave lampoons and distorts every event in American history as only he can do, I think I learned more from this book from all my history courses.Every time I see another Dave Barry book, I wonder how it is that Florida can produce not one, but TWO humorists: Dave and Carl Hiaason (TEAM RODENT, NATIVE TONGUE, SKIN TIGHT). They're both national treasures! Maybe there's something about that steamy heat...

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Product details

Mass Market Paperback: 256 pages

Publisher: Ballantine Books; Reprint edition (October 29, 1997)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0345416600

ISBN-13: 978-0345416605

Product Dimensions:

4.2 x 0.7 x 6.9 inches

Shipping Weight: 5.6 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.0 out of 5 stars

161 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#426,825 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

I was looking for something light to read to break up all the murder mysteries I was reading and came upon Dave Barry's book. I have read some of his writings before and knew he had a wicked sense of humor. I wasn't disappointed. No one can screw up history like Dave Barry. I found myself laughing out loud as some chapters. If you're looking for something to lighten up your mood. read this.

CAUTION: Do not let any school-age children read this book! If you do, it will be your fault your children cannot pass a simple history exam! If you are a school-age child and have read this book, start practicing saying, "Would you like fries with that?" If you like humor, not the ha-ha kind, but the ROFL kind, this is your type of yuks! Have fun and by the way, would you like those "super-sized"?

The guy won a Pulitzer; he must be good. I gave this as a gift to my brother who somehow had gone through Life not being exposed to the Miami-based wit. I first read "Slept" back in the late '80s so I was well aware of Dave's take on American history. Not surprisingly, Dave spent considerable effort repeatedly bringing up the Hawley-Smoot Tariff, which we all know was a landmark event in the American story. I heartily recommend this work and the three dozen others Dave has given us.

I have a huge amount of respect for humor columnists like Dave Barry, the late great Milly Ivins, Gene Weingarten, the late great Lewis Grizzard, et al. It is beyond my ability to comprehend how these people can come up with a humor column on a weekly (or even daily) basis. I certainly couldn't do it.This book, however, just didn't cut it for me. I got as far as the Civil War and it was just too repetitive and predictable.

And Dave Barry always provides it, in spades. His laugh-filled romp through a sort of history of the Unites States is pure genius. Sadly, the fun ended with Bush-Quayle...and the tease of Trump making his first appearance on the scene. I'm hoping for a sequel, perhaps "Dave Barry Slept Here: A Sort of History of Sexual Misconduct in the Modern United States."

It takes a certain attitude and sense of humor to be able to follow the antics and ridiculous metaphors of Dave Barry. For anyone who thinks this way, this book is a great distraction from the complicated realities and worries of every day life.

Our kids are familiar with true history that Dave talks about and we laughed so much our belly's hurt! We seemed to laugh more with this book than his others (guide to guys, money secrets, etc ) . These books are so much better read aloud to loved ones than alone.Mr Barry blends historically accurate facts with humor and bull. This book is one of his best. His "travel guide" is clean and great too!Some of his other books have a splash or two or a lot of inappropriate-for-kid's content. This one vaguely references a blow up doll once that I recall.

I had read the paper copy and thought I'd just put this one on my Kindle to read while waiting on the car and such. For me, Barry's take on his experiences and thoughts does not mesh so well when overlaid on actual things we are supposed to learn and remember.

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Jumat, 06 Juni 2014

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Series: Beckett Racing Collectibles and Die-Cast Price Guide, 7 (Book 7)

Paperback: 512 pages

Publisher: Beckett Pubns (May 2002)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1930692196

ISBN-13: 978-1930692190

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#10,480,797 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Senin, 19 Mei 2014

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File Size: 458 KB

Print Length: 224 pages

Page Numbers Source ISBN: 1478303123

Simultaneous Device Usage: Unlimited

Publisher: Blue Sky Books; 1 edition (August 15, 2012)

Publication Date: August 15, 2012

Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC

Language: English

ASIN: B0090PJNAY

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I enjoyed the tale of moving, of becoming acclimatized, of become a near-local. I also noted that Portuguese bureaucracy seems quite similar to Brazil's. Neither seem conducive to starting and/or running a business in the manner of London or coastal US.

I found this book to be informative and fun. It described many of the pitfalls that result when moving to Portugal and how they overcame them. There seems to be no agenda except to give information. Since it is my plan to move to Portugal, my copy is already dog-earred and highlighted!

Very well written, a fantastic mix of practical advice and personal experience. I thoroughly enjoyed reading about the authors' journey as they settled into their new home and found myself wanting to read more and more. A big thank you from Australia for the inspiring read!

Very informative book for those interested in learning the process and pitfalls of moving into Portugal.Funny stories, frustrating experiences, beauracracy, visitors, and many more topics.

we are going next spring [to visit not move Trump maybe who knows]definitely made some have to see notes

Wonderful read, but we wanted to fallow them and they had moved back. Did not detour us from our planned trip. Book was great for info and entertainment.

Very informative. Many topics were addressed that had not occurred to me previously. Also, a very good reference section at the end.

I started out reading the author's blog because my husband and I are considering a move to Portugal in a few years after we retire. When I found out about the book I had to get it, especially since his wife also contributed to the content of the book so it wouldn't just be his blog put down into book format. I have not yet read the entire book, but already have learned so much about Portugal and the challenges involved in moving there. The book is very informative, with plenty of information on the people, customs, travel within the country, etc. I'm sure there will still be much to learn when we get there, but after reading Moving to Portugal, I feel that we at least have a good foundation from which to start.

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Rabu, 14 Mei 2014

Ebook Download African American Folk Healing

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African American Folk Healing

From Publishers Weekly

Mitchem, who teaches religious studies at the University of South Carolina, explores folk healing as a faith expression in black communities. While she includes some of the remedies used by African-Americans (e.g., to lower your blood pressure, put Spanish moss in your drink), her research goes far beyond collecting cures. Indeed, Mitchem argues that for African-Americans healing practices are part of a larger system of meaning, one that is sometimes in conflict with institutionalized medicine. Black folk healing has persisted in part because a racist society has long denied adequate care to black people—folk healing, Mitchem persuasively argues, allows African-Americans agency in defining their own bodies, exerting some control over life. But even when African-Americans can find equitable medical care, folk practices will persist because they are life-giving and because they holistically address physical, economic and spiritual needs. Mitchem could have offered a more robust analysis of the commodification of folk medicine—she notes that a Detroit Hoodoo 101 class cost $75, but fails to adequately probe the meeting of folk medicine and the marketplace. That omission is a minor flaw in a fascinating study that makes a real contribution to discussions of health, wellness and faith in America. (July) Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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“An exploration of the history and practices of black healers and healing illuminating the vital cultural, intellectual, and spiritual expression of a people. This fine multidisciplinary work draws deeply and thoughtfully from the experiences and words of its subjects, offering alternative visions of human creativity, resistance, and community.”-Yvonne Chireau,author of Black Magic: Religion and the African-American Conjuring Tradition“African American Folk Healing is an insightful work that places folk healing within the context of larger spiritual, political, and intellectual movements. It illuminates the interconnectedness among activism, medicine, gender studies, folklore, and theology that influence the ways African American female healers work and live.”-The Journal of African American History“Persuasively argued. . . . A fascinating study that makes a real contribution to discussions of health, wellness and faith in America.“-Publishers Weekly“A readable book well suited for most academic libraries.”-Choice

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Product details

Paperback: 189 pages

Publisher: NYU Press; 1 edition (July 1, 2007)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0814757324

ISBN-13: 978-0814757321

Product Dimensions:

6 x 0.5 x 9 inches

Shipping Weight: 10.4 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

5.0 out of 5 stars

4 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#505,877 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

I love African American Folk History, and this book does not disappoint.

Very few authors have done what Mitchem has accomplished, which is write about African American Folk tradition as a spiritual healing practice. Usually when authors write about African American folk practices it is hyped up with all sorts of sensational myths, which causes many to few practitioners of any Afro-Diaspora tradition to be inhuman, cannibalistic devil worshipers.Mitchem explores all of the influences of African American spirituality, which contrary to popular is not just composed of Christianity, but is a gumbo of various influences. Because of her presentation, she gives the reader an inside look as to why African American spirituality is composed of Christian influences as well as influences from the Nation of Islam, Kamitic tradition, Afro-Caribbean traditions, and even intellectual mental sciences, but for whatever reason returns back to incorporate African American rootwork or hoodoo tradition.I really liked this book because it helped me to see that I was not alone in my spiritual quest. And, that there were others that had gone through similar experiences, which they could not logically explain before finding peace in something that was culturally relevant.I highly recommend this book to anyone wanting to understanding the spiritual aspects of what Tayannah McQuillar calls African American shamanism (Rootwork).

I loved this book and it will remain on my top 10 list...I will have to find her and invite her todo a seminar...she hit the herb right on the flower, everytime!

African American culture is a rich source that can be tapped to acquire and develop an in depth analysis and understanding of the philosophy that undergirds the thinking of African people in the United States and throughout the Diaspora. In the book African American Folk Healing (AAFH) by Stephanie Mitchem, she attempts to uncover the thinking that gave rise to the traditional medicinal practices that were first used by African Americans during the enslavement era and continues to be practiced in various forms even today by practioneers of African based religions in the United States, such as Voodoo, Hoodoo, Santeria and Yoruba. She argues that most of the traditional medical practices first used by enslaved Africans are still in use today. For instance, Mitchem points out that beginning in the 1960's, many African Americans committed themselves to reconnect to the ideas and beliefs advocated and practiced by their ancestors.In many ways this book is not unlike those that have been written about African traditional religion. The main difference lies in the fact that this information is about a particular aspect of African culture that was established in the Americas by African men and women in the seventieth century who were enslaved by the Europeans. AAFH is a collection of stories gathered by the author that seeks to convey how African Americans retained, however fragmented, specific African cultural retentions that were passed down from their enslaved ancestors from one generation to the next. The author consulted the Slave Narratives of the 1930's, Folk Archives of the 1970's, interviews from healing professionals and active participation, to conduct this important study. These sacred stories that have their origin in traditional West African pharmacology, undergirds the foundation of what the author refers to as an African centered "holistic epistemology." (p.53) This African centered cognitive cultural form, argues the author, has served as a powerful response to the dehumanization that was first experienced by enslaved Africans in the United States. This holistic approach to understanding mind, body and spirit, is what Mitchem describes as "culturally based wisdom," (p.7) and is designed to establish a new discourse in which African Americans are given a voice to respond to the world from a perspective that is representative of their holistic view of the cosmos. This holistic view of the world is quite different from the western binary paradigm that views things in isolation. African cosmology, on the other hand, sees the cosmos and all its inhabitants as inner-connected. In other words, there is no difference between the physical and the spiritual world; all is one. Mitchem refers to this relationship as "black epistemology." This holistic approach to understanding the world views human beings and nature as directly related. "Long before western medicine the fact, African traditional healers stressed that interpersonal relations affected people's health." (p.35) According to Mitchem, this holistic approach to healing is culturally centered and necessary for the survival of African Americans. Since African Americans have historically been either ignored by the main- stream medical community or in some cases experimented upon, it is important that their voices be heard. These misrepresentations of blackness were not simple aberrations but the entire white world participated in the dehumanization of African people as reflected in the following: "Questions of the humanity of black bodies drew from a potent combination of philosophies from Jean Jacques Rousseau to John Locke; were infused with European beliefs buoyed by the growth of nationalism and the practices of capitalism; reinforced by development of theories of evolution; and blessed by the placement of Science and Reason as the new, improved, verifiable gods of modern thinking." (p.42) Mitchem explains her rational for conducting this study into African American folk healing by quoting Zora Neale Hurston. "Whoever controls the images of a people or a culture is crucial to domination and identity of that people or culture. The images of blacks have been largely shaped, controlled, and nourished by beliefs about blackness within the dominant cultures of Europe and America." (p.44) In part, the aim of this book is to establish a new way of thinking about African Americans and the healing practices that continue to be used throughout the black community. Again, Mitchem quotes Elliott Skinner, author of the article "Hegemonic Paradigms of the African World" to lend greater credence to her rationale for the study. "African peoples must eliminate the contradictions of seeing themselves through the eyes of others." (p.41) Only then will "black bodies" escape the fate of being "read" from "white cultural perspectives." To a large extent, Mitchem write this book to tell the story of African Americans from a humanistic perspective. For she is certain that if their story is not properly told from an insider's perspective, then others may continue to write about people of African descent as the exotic other.Because of the historical legacy of slavery and the medical communities involvement in the Eugenics projects and the Tuskegee Experiment, many African Americans have come to distrust American medicine and in the process have relied upon forms of healing that have their main roots grounded in the traditional medicinal practices of West Africa. This books attempts to establish why African Americans have retained such healing traditions like Hoodoo and even at a time when modern medicine seems to offer so much more. First, Mitchem argues that African Americans have remained faithful to many traditional healing practices passed down to them, ignoring mainstream medicines because of the history of western medicine that is indeed tainted by the same sickness of racism that infected most of America from its very inception. Thus, African Americans were forced to develop and reconnect to traditional healing methods and modalities that they understood and could control. Unlike western medicine, Mitchem points out that African traditional medicine is holistic and seeks to address not only the symptoms, but, the primary focus in traditional healing treats illnesses by addressing every aspect of the person. For instance, if one is experiencing a headache, before an herb or other modalities are used to treat the condition other questions must first be explored. For example, the practioneer of African medicine may ask the client what kind of relationship they have with their spouse or other family members. Since traditional medicine is holistic in nature and seeks to address the total being, ones activities must be in harmony with all things in existence including other humans, plants, animals and other entities. Mitchem describes this relationship as "embodied spirituality." (p.85) This embodied spirituality is a kind of awareness or spiritual consciousness that heightens ones insight concerning the unity of the body, soul, and that one's past is connected to the present and future. In other words, reality is not made up of a series of events occurring one after the other but is happening simultaneously. Thus the African concept of time and reality is quite different from what we are taught about time and reality in the West. This vastly different concept of "African" time, even affects the African view of death, which is why the veneration of the ancestors is very important. For death does not mean the end of life but simply is a transition to another sphere of reality where life continues.Mitchem provides the reader with a thorough analysis of the holistic nature of AAFH but errors in one important point. That is, connecting the roots of AAFH with slavery is a grave mistake. Its roots are firmly planted within the soil of Africa. The enslavement era was a horrendous event that brought Africans together from different cultural groups, who upon finding themselves enslaved, were forced to rely upon their primal cosmology to make sense out of a world that seemed to conspire against them. The enslaved Africans in North America and throughout the Americas did borrow healing modalities and ideas from the indigenous and poor whites, which she describes as "culture hybridity." (pp.163, 154, 150, 86, 70) However, the origin of AAFH was created by men and women who were familiar with the various healing practices that were operating throughout West Africa for thousands of years. The hybridization or syncreticism that occurred within AAFH is also not something unique to African cultural forms, but is indeed the hallmark of African traditional religion. Unlike the Abrahamic faiths, African traditional religion is not dogmatic or derived from faith propositions. African traditional religion has always been open to borrowing and incorporating ideas, deities and concepts from other traditions. (Douglas Thomas, African Traditional Religion in the Modern World). Some scholars argue that the adoption of Islam by so many Africans can also be explained as Africans not accepting a new religion, (Newell Booth, Jr., "An Approach to African Religions," in African Religions: A Symposium) but, is part of the barrowing process or what Mitchem refers to as "hybridity" that has always occurred in African traditional societies. African traditional religion has always been organic and open to incorporating new ideas, concepts and even deities. Thus, AAFH is not simply a New World invention with its deepest roots in slavery, but existed in Africa for centuries before the arrival of Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Therefore, to directly link African healing and pharmacology to slavery is indeed a serious historical mistake. In part, Mitchem may have recognized this short coming and such a correction may be reflected in the following: "African American folk healing is often narrowly presented as a kind of post-Jim Crow hangover, with the implication that as soon as black people are fully acculturated into American society, they will not longer need such magical thinking." (p.5)AAFH is not simply an invention of enslaved Africans but has indeed exited in African for thousands of years. Therefore, to directly connect African pharmacology to slavery is indeed an error. Yet, to Mitchem's credit, she does recognize that AAFH has roots in Africa, but is also deeply connected to the people and experiences that are unique to America. As Mitchem makes clear: "Folk Healing reflects black cultural changes born of the civil rights, feminist, and Black Power movements. " (p.77) In this regard, AAFH is a true African cultural form, which is eclectic and always ready to change forms without disturbing the substance. Because of its ability to adapt and embrace change, AAFH, like all African cultural forms will indeed survive modernity. The future AAFH is not questionable as Mitchem seems to imply in her conclusion, but is certain to strive by incorporating new healing modalities and methods such as Reki and other New Age healing practices; thereby attracting to itself all that is good in the world and making them a part of this rich African cultural tradition.Douglas E. Thomas, Ph.D. The Obama Factor: How Barack Obama Elevated Human Consciousness

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African American Folk Healing PDF

African American Folk Healing PDF

African American Folk Healing PDF
African American Folk Healing PDF